What do you think of when you hear the word refinance? If you’re like most people, you probably think of refinancing a mortgage.
In my weekly newsletter, however, we’ve been talking about how you can refinance any debt. I’ve encouraged my newsletter subscribers to write down every debt they have, including the interest rate. With the list in hand, they are reviewing each loan to determine if they can lower their interest rate. It’s one of the easiest ways to save money.
So today I thought we’d look at what refinancing involves, why you might want to refinance, and how to refinance any type of debt.
What is Refinancing?
Refinancing is trading one debt for another. If you refinance your mortgage, you’re trading your original mortgage for a new mortgage, usually with better terms that save you money.You could also trade your credit card debt for a lower-interest home equity loan, which is refinancing. Or you could move your car loan to a new lender to get a better interest rate.
Sometimes you refinance with the same lender. In this case, you’re changing the terms of your original loan based on new financial factors, such as a better credit score on your part or lower overall mortgage interest rates. Sometimes, you may take out a new loan to pay off the old loan, getting better loan terms in the process.
As an aside, a loan consolidation is a bit different. With consolidation, you are usually consolidating multiple loans into a single loan. This process is a form of refinancing, but involves trading multiple debts for one.
When Should You Consider Refinancing?
Usually the goal of refinancing is to save money, especially on interest paid over time and on monthly payments. But you could also choose to refinance to change your loan terms.For instance, you might refinance your mortgage from a 15- to a 30-year loan. A longer term gives you lower (often much lower) monthly payments, which are great if you’re in a financial pinch. Even if you’re paying your 15-year mortgage with ease, you might want to take a longer term and invest the extra money each month, hoping to come out ahead financially in the long run.
On the flip side, you might choose to refinance your 30-year mortgage to a 15-year mortgage. If you want to be debt free faster, this is a way to make it happen without making extra mortgage payments. Plus, the shorter loan term can save you tens of thousands of dollars in interest paid over time because 15-year interest rates are lower and you’ll pay down principal faster.
If you owe less on your home than it’s worth, you might want to do a cash out refinance, in which you remortgage it and take the difference in cash.
One more option is to switch from a variable-rate mortgage to a fixed-rate mortgage. A set interest rate and predictable payments can make it much easier to plan your personal finances.
As you can see, there are many instances in which you might consider refinancing your debts. Be sure you run the proper calculations, especially if you’re refinancing a larger debt like a home or a car. These refinances can cost you cash up front, so make sure they’ll be worth your while in the long run.
Refinancing other debts, on the other hand, may not be so complicated. If you’re dealing with high-interest credit card debt, all you need to do is transfer the balance to a lower-interest card to save a fortune.
How to Refinance all Your Debts
As I said earlier, you can refinance any debt with the proper steps. Here are some of the ways that you can refinance various types of debt:Straight-up refinancing
Although any of these methods is refinancing, let’s first talk about traditional refinancing. This term is most likely to be used for mortgage loans, auto loans and student loans. Basically, you either get a loan with better terms from your current lender or from a new lender. The key to this is to shop around for your new loan.
Refinancing your mortgage may take more legwork because you’ll likely need to talk with loan officers about refinancing offers and the potential costs of the process. When refinancing a secured loan like your home or auto loan, you may not be able to refinance if you owe more than the home or vehicle is worth. A loan for more than an item is worth is riskier for lenders.
We talk elsewhere about how to refinance a home in which you don’t have a lot of equity. One option is to refinance through the Home Affordable Refinance Program, and another is to take out two loans, one for the negative equity in your home, and another for a regular mortgage at a lower rate.
If you have negative equity in your vehicle, you may need to take out a separate, unsecured loan to pay down part of the car loan. For instance, if you owe $15,000 on a car worth $11,000, take out an unsecured loan (or use a low-interest credit card) to pay off $4,000, and then refinance the remaining auto loan. Or you could keep paying on the vehicle until you build more equity.
Finally, let’s talk about straight-up refinancing of student loans. Because student loans are unsecured, it’s very hard to get a new lender to take them on at a lower interest rate or better terms. Bloomberg’s BusinessWeek notes that there are several ways to change some of your student loan terms. If you can’t make minimum payments on federal loans, look into modified payment plans or forbearance. Even some private lenders offer forbearance in some instances.
Unfortunately, you probably won’t be able to refinance these loans at a lower interest rate simply by finding a new lender. But you may be able to use one of these options for refinancing your student loans:
Using your home’s equity
If you have equity in your home, you can use that to refinance some of your other debts, such as school loans, credit cards or other personal debts. There are three options for doing this, including a home equity loan, a home equity line of credit, and a cash out refinance:
- Home Equity Loan: This is an installment loan based on your home’s equity. It’s also known as a second mortgage. If your home, for instance, is worth $500,000 and you owe $300,000 on your first mortgage, you could borrow $150,000 against your home’s value as a second mortgage. You’d pay back this type of loan in set installments, just like your first mortgage. All other things being equal, however, the interest rate on a second will be higher than your first mortgage
- Home Equity Line of Credit: This is similar to a home equity loan, except that it’s a revolving debt like a credit card. With a HELOC, you can write a check or use a debit card attached to the account, pay back some or all of the charge, and then charge again.
- Cash Out Refinance: Instead of taking out a second mortgage as a home equity loan, you might consider a cash out refinance, which will leave you with one mortgage payment. In the home equity loan scenario above, you could just refinance your first mortgage as a $450,000 mortgage, and take the excess $150,000 in cash.
The rates you’ll pay on a home equity loan are typically much lower rate than you’re likely to be paying on any credit cards, and it’s also a lot lower than the locked-in 6.8 percent rate on federal student loans. So you could lower your overall debt payments and reduce the time it takes to pay off debts by using your home’s equity to pay off the balance of other loans.
If you can’t pay on your credit cards or student loans normally, the creditors can’t come after your property directly. If you can’t pay your HELOC or home equity loan, your lender could foreclose on your home.
Refinancing with credit cards
The most common way to refinance credit card debt is a balance transfer. You transfer the balance from one credit card to another, normally with a much lower interest rate.
Your best bet is to consider a zero interest credit card set up to encourage balance transfers. Note that some balance transfer credit cards come with fees, even if they have a limited-time zero interest rate on balance transfers.
There are some no-fee balance transfer cards available, so you should check out these options first. Some cards have an option for either zero interest with a balance-transfer fee (which is usually a percentage of the balance you transfer), or a zero transfer fee with a low interest rate. You’ll have to do the math to figure out which works best for you.
If you get a really great deal on a credit card and have enough available credit, you can use a credit card to refinance other higher-interest debts, as well. For instance, you could pay off a very high-interest personal loan with a lower-interest credit card, effectively using your credit card to refinance it.
Always check your credit card contract first because different types of purchases, transfers and payments may result in different interest rates.
Debt consolidation
If you’re swamped in debt and are unable to make minimum payments on everything, debt consolidation could be a good option. You’ll get one large loan to pay off part or all of your other debts, consolidating them into one loan.
The advantage of debt consolidation is often that it lowers your overall monthly payments, a relief for hard-hit consumers. Depending on the interest rates of the loans you’re carrying, consolidation may lower your overall interest rate and total interest payments.
According to the FTC, using your home’s equity is the most common way to consolidate debt, but you may also be able to get a consolidation loan. However, some disreputable so-called debt relief organizations will offer debt consolidation loans that aren’t a great deal. They may increase the overall interest paid, extend your repayment time to decades, or charge fees that increase your overall debt load.
It’s very common to consolidate student loan debt, and this is usually an automatic option with federal student loans. If you took out student loans for several years in a row, you probably have several loans from several lenders. It’s a pain to make so many separate payments, and your minimum payments are probably quite high.
In this case, you can consolidate all your loans into one by a single lender. Consolidating federal loans usually means that you lock in your interest rate, which may otherwise vary from year to year. Plus, you could lower your overall monthly payments and gain access to several repayment plans.
You’ll have to consolidate private student loans separately, but there are several lenders who will do it. You can read more about how to consolidate student loans here.
Using LendingClub or Prosper
LendingClub and Prosper are peer-to-peer lending marketplaces. Basically, you can get a fairly low rate on an unsecured personal loan that comes from other individual lenders. LendingClub statistics say that nearly half their loans are used to consolidate debt or pay down credit cards with a lower interest loan.
Peer-to-peer lending options generally come with competitive interest rates that depend on your credit history, and they’re relatively quick to get. But the loan limits are usually around $25,000, though you may be able to take out multiple loans at once. They can be a good option if you need to refinance debt quickly.
The Bottom Line
Refinancing some or all of your debts may or may not be a good idea. Look at your debts, interest rates and minimum payments. If you could reduce interest rates significantly, refinancing is usually a great option. Also, if you can lower your monthly payments, you could kick the money you save into paying off your principal balances more quickly, or into investment accounts that allow you to save for the future.
source: doughroller.net
